Summay: section 5.2

Summary
-carbohydrates or "carbs" are organic compounds made of sugars
-sugars are carbohydrates
- sugar has 1carbon:2hydrogen:1oxygen (ratio wise)
-can be monosaccharides/polysaccharides
-disaccharides = "double sugar"
-polysaccharides = chains made of sugar monomers
-monosaccharides = one simple sugar

(a picture of a monosaccharide)
- glucose is the main fuel for cellular work
-cells break down glucose for energy
-most common disaccharide = sucrose
-starch is a polysaccharide made entirely of glucose monomers
-ex) rice, potatoes, corn all rich in starch
-animal cell = no starch
-store energy or sugar in form of polysaccharide; glycogen
-more highly branched glucose monomers
-sotred in liver or muscle cells
-body needs energy = breaks down glycogen
-cellulose = a material that stiffens the plant
-linked with hydrogen bonds
-animal, people can't digest cellulose
-often reffered as "fiber"
-carbohydrates are almost all "hydrophilic"
-hydroxyl groups in the sugar
-disaccharides + monosaccharides dissolve easily in water

-starch does not dissolve

-these are still hydrophilic

-glucose in straight chain/rings

-celluose keep digestive healthy

-not nutrients

Concept Checks:

1. A monosaccharide is composed of one sugar monomer. Some examples are glucose, fructose, galactose. A dissacharide on the other hand is made up of two sugar monosaccharides of "double sugars". This includes sucrose.

2. Glycogen and cellulose is both made and composed of sugar monomers. Glycogen is a way for animals to store excess sugar because their cells do not have starch in them. Cellulose on the other hand, is found in plants to help stiffen the plant wall preventing the plant cells from flopping over.

3. Animals store excess sugar or glucose molecules in glycogen. When they need energy, their body breaks down the glycogen granules in the liver and muscles to produce and release glucose for energy.